LINCOMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDE (capsules 0.25 g)
Capsulae Lyncomycini hydrochloridi 0,25
International nonproprietary name (INN)
Lincomycin.
Pharmacotherapeutic group
Antibiotics. Lincosamides.
Composition
1 capsule contains 250 mg of lincomycin.
Pharmacological effect
Pharmacodynamics
Lincomycin is effective to gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, pneumococcus, diphtheria bacillus) and some anaerobes, agents of gas-gangrene and tetanus inclusive. It is also active to mycoplasm. It is ineffective towards gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and virus. It is active against bacteria, in particular, staphylococcus, resistant to antibiotics. The resistance of bacteria to lincomycin is developed slowly.
Therapeutic doses of the drug act bacteriostatically. The mechanism is related to depression of protein synthesis by bacterial cells.
Pharmacokineticsis
After oral intake, 20-30% of lincomycin dose is absorbed. Max.blood concentration is achieved in 2-4 h. It penetrates to various organs and tissues, bone tissue and liver either. It penetrates poorly through hematoenthephalic barrier still hematoencephalic barrier permeability is increased in case of meningitis. It metabolizes in liver. It is renal and feces excreted.
Indicationsforusage
The drug is administered in septic conditions caused by staphylococcus, streptococcus, in acute and chronic osteomyelitis, pneumonia, skin and smooth tissue purulent infection, erysipelatous inflammation, otitis, and other infections caused by bacteria sensitive to this antibiotic, in particular, infections caused by bacteria resistant to penicillin and other antibiotics as well as in allergy to penicillin.
As lincomycin is accumulated in bone tissue, it is one of the most effective drugs in acute and chronic osteomyelitis and other infective injuries of bones and articulations.
Administrationanddosage
The drug is administered orally 1-2 h. before or 2-3 h. After meals as food inhibits and decreases the absorption. Single dose in adults is 0.5 g, daily dose is 1.0—1.5 g. daily dose in children is 30-60 mg/kg of body weigh (2-3 intakes with an interval 8-12 h.). The course of treatment is subject to the type and severity of the disease and is 7-14 days (in osteomyelitis 3 weeks and more).
Specialindications
It is not recommended to administer concurrently muscle relaxants. In long courses control regularly liver and renal function. In case of the development of pseudomembranous colitis cancel the drug and administer vancomycin or bacitracin.
Adverse reaction
Lincomycin intake may cause nausea, vomit, diarrhea, painful stomach. In certain cases allergic reaction, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia. Inlongtreatmentpossiblecandidiasis.
Contraindications
Administration of lincomycin hydrochloride is acontraindicated in pregnancy (except vital necessity), and severe hepatic and renal diseases, individual hypersensitivity to the drug, lactation (suspend breast feeding), in infants (under 1 month).
Safetymeasures
Administer the drug with care in skin/oral cavity/vagina fungus diseases.
Interaction with other drugs
It enhances muscle relaxation caused by muscle relaxants. Antidiarrheal agents, chloramphenicol, erythromycin decreases the effect. In combination with narcotic analgesic agents possible respiratory diseases.
Dosage form
Capsules 250 mg. 20 capsules in jar, 10 capsules in blister. 2 blistersinpack.
